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ARP Transcription

Welcome to our Ethernet address resolution protocol module. Ethernet uses a local area network name resolution protocol known as ARP or address resolution protocol. When an ARP request occurs, hosts will broadcast their IP address and MAC address, or media access control address, on the local area network. So that their IP address can be associated with their MAC address.

The MAC address is only used in the local area network by Ethernet to forward frames to other devices on the same network. MAC addresses are not used for routing on wide area networks, IP addresses are used for that. Layer two switching technologies only understand MAC or physical addresses, and are not able to understand layer three IP addresses.

Routers are responsible for handling IP addressing, not switches. IP addresses are 32-bit software- assigned values, and these can be assigned automatically using DHCP, or can be assigned manually by the user. The MAC address is a 48-bit value that is hard coded into the network interface card by the manufacturer when the card is produced.

MAC addresses are shown as hexadecimal characters separated by either colons or dashes. Even though MAC addresses are hard coded at the factory, it is possible for savvy attackers to to spoof a MAC address, or change their devices MAC address to make it appear as if it is a different device.

On the left, we can see an ARP broadcast request. The computer is making requests on the network asking for other computers to identify themselves with the MAC address that goes with their corresponding IP address. This builds an ARP table, which is a combination of MAC addresses and IP addresses.

When an ARP table poisoning occurs, an attacker is able to respond to the request and provide incorrect information and poison the ARP table. Once this occurs, data that is intended for one recipient will no longer be sent to that recipient and, instead, can be sent to the computer of the attacker's choice.

This concludes our Ethernet address resolution protocol module. Thank you for watching.

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