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A host is creating a new Ethernet frame to forward on a network. It knows all the important facts to build the header, except the destination MAC address. How does the host proceed?
The host removes the frame
It sends a request message to the gateway
It broadcasts a Layer 3 message
It broadcasts an ARP request with the destination IP address
On an Ethernet LAN, when a host or router is creating a new Ethernet frame, it knows all the important facts to build the header except the destination MAC address. Between the known facts to build the header is the IP address of the next device, either the destination host on the same network or the IP address of the gateway. The host or router uses the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) to dynamically learn the MAC address of another IP on the same LAN. ARP uses two messages to function; The ARP request, a broadcast message which simply asks the owner of the IP address to reply with the MAC address. And the ARP reply, which is the response with the original IP and the matching MAC address.
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