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The network has recently been very slow; devices on the network remain online, however the LAN congestion is making the users very impatient and upset. What is a possible cause for this issue?
Half-duplex mismatch.
Port security violations.
Broadcast storms.
Speed mismatch.
Broadcast storms cause high traffic and congestion in a LAN. They are generated when Switches work in redundancy without a looping avoidance method, such as STP. If this is the case, the switches flood broadcasts endlessly throughout the network. In broadcast storm conditions, when a broadcast is sent out from a device, every other has to stop every other process and respond to the traffic whether it's a broadcast or not. When those switches then relay the broadcast out every port back to the originating switch, a loop occurs, flooding then network with broadcasts.
Layer 2 devices help to propagate layer 2 broadcasts storms, which can provoke grave congestion on the LAN. The most common way to stop a broadcast storm from forming is with STP. And the only way to stop it from propagating is with a Layer 3 device.
A duplex mismatch causes intermittent behavior in a LAN, and will not cause congestion, but will disconnect the device often.
A speed mismatch will shut down the interface, making it unusable.
Port violations do not cause any kind of network congestion, as they either shut the port down when an unauthorized MAC address attempts to connect to the network, or increase the CPU load for the switch as it logs the violation.
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