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Which type of attack is based on the probability of two different messages using the same hash function producing a common message digest?
Statistical attack
differential cryptanalysis
birthday attack
differential linear cryptanalysis
The birthday attack works on the basis that there is a 50% chance two people in a room of 23 will have the same birthday: as the first person in the room does not yet have anyone else to compare to the odds are calculated as 365/365, followed by the second person that comes in the room at 364/365 so the equation goes like this (365/365 * 364/365 * 363/365 * 362/365 ... ) and so on until one reaches the 23rd person at 343/365 which yields a better than even chance.
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